Informatics Publishing Limited

M. K. Chandra Prakash ¹, Reena Rosy Thomas ², M. Krishna Reddy ³, Sukhada Mohandas ⁴

Affiliations
1 Section of Economics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore - 560 089, IN
2 Project Co-ordinator (Tropical Fruits) Cell, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore - 560 089, IN
3 Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore - 560 089, IN
4 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore - 560 089, IN

Abstract

Drought and heat contribute to much of the yield decline in agricultural lands all over the world. The basic physiological responses developed against drought and heat stress overlie each other, as; both these stresses eventually lead to dehydration of the cell and to osmotic imbalance. To cope with abiotic stresses, it is necessary to understand plant responses to stresses that disturb homeostatic equilibrium at the cellular and molecular level. Although there has been remarkable progress in this with development of microarray-based expression profiling methods (together with genomic sequence data), understanding on ways to employ these data to engineer plants with improved stresstolerance is still at a nascent stage. However, these data can be used for discovering genes, functional microsatellites and regulatory elements using in silico methods. In this context, single nucleotide repeat marker sequences have been identified which is associated with small heat-shock protein sequence (sHSP) for heat tolerance in Capsicum annuum. These sHSP sequences have some structural features in common; its characteristic is that it is homologous and highly conserved. These sequences have been analyzed for molecular evolutionary conservedness in solanaceaeous crops and have been found to have a single nucleotide repeat sequence and a highly conserved sHSP sequence.

Keywords

Small Heat-Shock Protein (sHSP), Evolutionary, Conserved, Solanaceae, Markers.

Full Text

   

Reena Rosy Thomas ¹, M. K. Chandra Prakash ¹, M. Krishna Reddy ², Sukhada Mohandas ³, Riaz Mahmood ⁴

Affiliations
1 Section of Economics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore -560089, IN
2 Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore - 560 089, IN
3 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore - 560 089, IN
4 Dept. of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga - 577 451, IN

Abstract

Abiotic stress often causes a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that affect plant growth, development and productivity. To cope with abiotic stresses, it is necessary to understand plant responses to stresses that disturb homeostatic equilibrium at the cellular and molecular level. Genomic information on Capsicum annuum has been explored to identify microsatellite markers associated with abiotic stress tolerance and assign them to cognate functional groups related to specific stress responses. Several in silico methods have been used to identify simple sequence repeats associated with stress responsive gene candidates in Capsicum annuum. In this study, a microsatellite marker has been identified in Capsicum annuum associated with Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDK) having multiple environmental stress tolerance (oxidative, high temperature and salt stress) and which is also highly conserved in crops of Solanaceae. These are house-keeping enzymes that maintain intracellular levels of all nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) with the exception of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These are also involved in phytochrome A response, UV-B signaling, auxin responses and oxidative stress signaling.

Keywords

Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDK), Microsatellite, Abiotic Stress, Solanaceae.

Full Text

   

M. Anil Kumar ¹, M. Krishna Reddy ¹, M. Sarangapani ²

Affiliations
1 Reproductive Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN
2 University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN

Abstract

The present study was carried out on the effect of novel heterocyclic compound on total proteins, free amino acids and total lipids contents in different tissues to understand the protein and lipid metabolisms and their role in male rats. The treatment with Ethyl 1-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylideneamino)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-oxo-6-phenyl pyrimidine-5-carboxylate compound at dose level of 50mg/kg body weight for 21 days did cause mild changes in proteins and lipid metabolism in reproductive and somatic tissues of treated rats. In order to assess the physiological changes in testis, brain, heart, kidney and liver of rats, estimation of total proteins, free amino acids and total lipids has been under taken. The result showed a mild decrease in total protein levels, but in contrast to the same treatment caused a mild increase in free amino acid and total lipid levels.

Keywords

Novel Heterocyclic Compound, Proteins and Lipid Metabolisms, Physiological Changes, Reproductive Tissue, Somatic Tissues.

Full Text

     

T. Bikshapathi ¹, A. Srinivas Reddy ¹, M. Estari ¹, M. Krishna Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Reproductive Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Changing trends in body weights in children is important for public health policy. It can be said that children in developing countries presently suffer from double jeopardy of malnutrition. Urban children are afflicted with problems of over-nutrition while rural and slum children suffer from effects of undernutrition. To determine changing trends in nutritional status, body-mass index and obesity in school children aged 11-17 years are considered. All children being admitted in a government school in Warangal, Andhra Pradesh were evaluated in the year 2007 and 2008. Height was measured using a standard tape and weight was measured using a well-calibrated sprig balance. 442 school children were examined in the year 2007 and 374 in the year 2008 in classes 6^th to 12^th. There is an increasing trend in height, weight and BMI with increasing age in both the 2007 and 2008 years. In the year 2007, 11% were overweight and 5% were obese while in the year 2008, 10% were overweight and 6% were obese. Overweight corresponding to adult BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m² was present in 2% school children in both the examinations while the prevalence of obesity corresponding to adult BMI of >30 kg/m² was present in very small number (0.2% and 0.3%). At all the age groups there was a high prevalence of wasting in both examination, in 2007 wasting was present in 36.4% school children and in the year 2008 in 26.2% school children. There was a significant decline in prevalence of wasting from the year 2007 (36.4%) to the year 2008 (26.2%). The above results stated the need of urgent dietary intervention programme. Further studies are required to investigate into problem and to supplement the key nutrient which is required to ensure a good nutritional status in children.

Keywords

Prevalence, Body Mass Index, Obesity, Under Nutrition and Malnutrition.

Full Text

     

B. Satheesh Kumar ¹, M. Krishna Reddy ², M. S. K. Prasad ¹, A. V. N. Appa Rao ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN
2 Department of Zoology, University College, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN
3 University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Progesterone is important for initiation and maintenance of pregnancy (hormone of pregnancy).The discovery that in the absence of progesterone, pregnancy cannot be initiated or maintained provided the basis for a massive effort of synthesis of antiprogestin molecules to develop emergency contraceptive pills. By the consequences, till date few progesterone antagonists (antiprogestins) have been synthesized which bind to and block the progesterone receptor. However, none of the antiprogestins are “pure” antiprogestins, having marked antiglucocorticoid properties as well, especially at higher doses. Thus the search for the “ideal” progesterone antagonist continues. The main objective of the present work is to evaluate antiprogestin activity of progesterone analogue, 14 β- hydroxy progesterone. A pregnane glycoside, carumbelloside-I (3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-beta-Dglucopyranosyl- 3beta,14beta-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one) was isolated from the n-butanolic extract of Caralluma umbellata (Asclepiadaceae) and was modified to a structural analog of progesterone, 14 β- Hydroxy progesterone (14β- OHP) in just two simple steps. Anti-implantation and abortifacient activities of the compound have been studied to evaluate its antiprogestin activity. To study the anti-implantation effect, pregnant wistar strain albino rats were administered with 14β-OHP (daily dose of 5 mg/Kg body weight) intraperitoneally from the day 1to day 7 of pregnancy. On day 10, laparotomy was performed under light ether anesthesia. The uteri were examined to determine the number of implantation sites. The abdomens were sutured and the animals were allowed to go on term. The number of young born at term was also recorded. The abortifacient activity was studied in another group of pregnant rats. The animals were treated with 14β- OHP (5 mg/Kg body weight daily) intraperitoneally from day 8 to 12of pregnancy. They were sacrificed on day 19 of pregnancy. Both horns of uterus were observed for the number of live fetuses. The compound showed about 44.23% anti-implantation and 62% of abortifacient effect at their corresponding dose levels tested. The results indicated the antiprogestin activity of 14 β- hydroxy progesterone in albino rats.

Keywords

14β- OHP, Anti-Implantation, Abortifacient, Antiprogestin and Contraceptive.

Full Text

     

M. Anil Kumar ¹, M. Krishna Reddy ¹, , M. Sarangapani ²

Affiliations
1 Reproductive Physiology Unit, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal (A.P.), IN

Abstract

The present study has been proposed to evaluate the antifertility activity of novel hetercyclic compound in male albino rats. The ethyl 1-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylideneamino)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-oxo-6-phenyl pyrimidine -5-carboxylate compound has been found to possess significant antifertility effect in rats. Intraperitonial treatment of this compound (3mg/kg b.wt/day) for 21 days did not cause any effect on body weight. The weights of testis, cauda epididymis, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate were reduced significantly. Sperm suspension was obtained from cauda epididymis to calculate the sperm count, sperm motility sperm abnormality and fertility rate. There was a significant decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, fertility rate and a significant increase in sperm abnormality. The histological picture of testis is almost normal but the number of sperms were decreased and clumping of sperms were observed in the epididymal lumen and epithelial lining also shows degenerative changes.

Keywords

Heterocyclic Compound, Gonadosomatic Index, Fertility, Cauda Epididymis.

Full Text

     

S. Gajanana ¹, B. Ravikumar ¹, D. Nikhil Kumar ², M. Krishna Reddy

Affiliations
1 MVSR Engineering College, Hyderabad, IN
2 RCI, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

The process of deforming a metal plastically by passing it between rollers is an age old metal forming process called rolling. The main aim of this paper is to find the optimal process parameters on roll separating force in hot rolling process for Al6061 material. Experimental investigation was carried on Al6061 using Taguchi Design of Experiments and linear regression model is generated using MiniTab software. Simulation is also carried using explicit analysis of the hot rolling process in Abaqus CAE software.

Keywords

DoE, Explicit Analysis, Hot Rolling, Regression Analysis, Taguchi Method.

Full Text